B Sc. (Hons.) Geology-Ground Water Exploration and Management

B.Sc. Geology Hons. program provides specialization in Groundwater exploration and management.

Groundwater exploration involves investigation of underground rocks to understand the hydrologic cycle, the groundwater quality, and identify the nature, number and type of aquifers. Most of the liquid freshwater resources are stored underground as groundwater (99%). Its regional distribution varies and depends mainly on climatic conditions as well as the geology of the subsurface. In contrast to petroleum and minerals, a great amount of the groundwater is recharged in the hydrologic cycle by infiltrating precipitation.

A thorough knowledge on groundwater resources leads to its sustainable utilization, where the regional distribution of water resources, hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer and the regional and temporal variations of the water quality are important factors. The recharge, the natural runoff and groundwater abstraction rates are indispensable information for sustainable groundwater management. The data required for a resource assessment is obtained by hydrogeological exploration, observations and measurements at boreholes and wells, geophysical investigations, airborne geophysical surveys, satellite imagery, and meteorological observations. Methods such as geoelectrics, airborne electromagnetics, and transient electromagnetics are also applied for groundwater exploration.